Governance, as defined in the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, is, “the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented) (Sheng).” It is important to understand that the government is not the only entity responsible for governance. Business organizations, civil associations, religious institutions, unions, financial institutions, military, etc. all contribute to governance of a population (Sheng). Good governance is characterized by 8 major characteristics; which include: it is participatory, consensus oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, effective and efficient, equitable and inclusive, and follows the rule of law.

            With this guideline for what constitutes good governance we can apply it to state and local level of government. Participation is exemplified by local and state elections. Voters, regardless of social class can take part in this process and have their voiced heard. State constitutions take care of the “Rule of Law” characteristic. They enact executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government that counteract and balance one another to have a fair system. State constitutions also incorporate the Bill of Rights that give citizens protection from unwarranted government interference as well. The transparency and responsiveness characteristics are also found in state constitutions. In South Carolina, the freedom of information section is found in Title 30 of the constitution. At the local level an example can be going to a police department and asking for a police report. In regards to responsiveness, citizens have the right to expect emergency services, and when facing criminal charges, the right to a speedy trial.

            As Mr. Sheng explained in the United Nations document, in governance there are many individuals with many ideas. Consolidating these ideas into broader ones is what explains the consensus oriented characteristic. Elections are a prime example. Voters elect candidates that best serve their interest; either at the local or state level. Equity and exclusiveness is characterized by voting rights and civil rights. Also, responsible use of tax revenue I feel would fall in this category. Effectiveness and efficiency can be seen by responsible use of resources within a jurisdiction. States typically have some form of agency that takes care of its natural resources and educates its citizens on how to take care of them. Finally, accountability can be seen at the local and state level when citizens urge the government for officials to step down. Transparency plays a part in this, because states can have documents available for the populous to view reports that document the actions of local and state government.

References

Sheng, Y. K. (n.d.). What is Good Governance? Retrieved from www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/good-governance.pdf